# Sermorelin References: The GHRH(1-29) Citation Register

> Sermorelin references — the full citation register behind this GHRH(1-29) research digest, with DOIs and PubMed links for every study cited across the site.

Every study cited across this site, logged to its source with DOI and PubMed identifiers.

## How to read this register

Every quantitative claim on this site maps to a numbered entry below. The register spans the pediatric efficacy trial, the adult GH/IGF-1 aging studies, the pharmacokinetic and route work, the sleep and cognition literature, the secretagogue-comparison sources (ipamorelin, CJC-1295, tesamorelin), and the 2025 *Nature Reviews Endocrinology* synthesis. Identifiers (PMID, DOI) are provided for direct verification. This is the references and citations index for the sermorelin research record; for the narrative, see [the aging GH/IGF-1 axis research](/research).

## References

[1] Thorner M, Rochiccioli P, Colle M, Lanes R, Grunt J, Galazka A, Landy H, Eengrand P, Shah S. Once daily subcutaneous growth hormone-releasing hormone therapy accelerates growth in growth hormone-deficient children during the first year of therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81(3):1189-96. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8772599/
[2] Corpas E, Harman SM, Pineyro MA, Roberson R, Blackman MR. Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-(1-29) twice daily reverses the decreased GH and insulin-like growth factor-I levels in old men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;75(2):530-535. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1379256/
[3] Wilton P, Chardet Y, Danielson K, Widlund L, Gunnarsson R. Pharmacokinetics of growth hormone-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 and stimulation of growth hormone secretion in healthy subjects after intravenous or intranasal administration. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1993;388:10-15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329825/
[4] Walker RF. Sermorelin: a better approach to management of adult-onset growth hormone insufficiency? Clin Interv Aging. 2006;1(4):307-308. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18046908/
[5] Blackman MR. Use of growth hormone secretagogues to prevent or treat the effects of aging: not yet ready for prime time. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(9):677-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18981489/
[6] Baker LD, Barsness SM, Borson S, Merriam GR, Friedman SD, Craft S, Vitiello MV. Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone on cognitive function in adults with mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults: results of a controlled trial. Arch Neurol. 2012;69(11):1420-1429. NCT00257712. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22869065/
[7] Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, Steenblock C, Cai R, Sha W, Ghigo E, Hare JM, Bornstein SR, Schally AV. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025;21:180-195. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39537825/
[8] Lee H, et al. PEGylation of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GRF) analogues. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2003;55(10):1369-1377. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14499707/
[9] Munafo A, Nguyen TX, Papasouliotis O, et al. Polyethylene glycol-conjugated growth hormone-releasing hormone is long acting and stimulates GH in healthy young and elderly subjects. Eur J Endocrinol. 2005;153:249-56. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16061831/
[10] Chen RG, Shen YN, Yei J, et al. A comparative study of growth hormone (GH) and GH-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 for stimulation of growth in children with GH deficiency. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1993;388:32-5; discussion 36. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329830/
[11] Vance ML, Evans WS, Kaiser DL, et al. The effect of intravenous, subcutaneous, and intranasal GH-RH analog, [Nle27]GHRH(1-29)-NH2, on growth hormone secretion in normal men: dose-response relationships. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1986;40:627-33. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3096623/
[12] Schier T, Guldner J, Colla M, et al. Changes in sleep-endocrine activity after growth hormone-releasing hormone depend on time of administration. J Neuroendocrinol. 1997;9(3):201-205. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9089471/
[13] Guldner J, Schier T, Friess E, et al. Reduced efficacy of growth hormone-releasing hormone in modulating sleep endocrine activity in the elderly. Neurobiol Aging. 1997;18(5):491-495. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9390775/
[14] Steiger A, et al. The significance of sleep onset and slow wave sleep for nocturnal release of growth hormone (GH) and cortisol. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1988;13(3):231-243. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3406323/
[15] Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, et al. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352683/
[16] Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, et al. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;139(5):552-561. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9849822/
[17] Campbell RM, et al. Incorporation of D-Ala2 in growth hormone-releasing hormone-(1-29)-NH2 increases the half-life and decreases metabolic clearance in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994;79(4):1166-1171. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7962295/
[18] Falutz J, Allas S, Blot K, et al. Metabolic effects of a growth hormone-releasing factor in patients with HIV. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(23):2359-2370. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18057338/
[19] Falutz J. Tesamorelin: a growth hormone-releasing factor analogue for HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Ann Pharmacother. 2012;46(2):240-247. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22298602/
[20] Yuen KC, Biller BM, Molitch ME, Cook DM. Clinical review: Is lack of recombinant growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone in the United States a setback or time to consider glucagon testing for adult GH deficiency? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(8):2702-2707. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19509104/
[21] Sigalos JT, Pastuszak AW, Allison A, et al. Growth Hormone Secretagogue Treatment in Hypogonadal Men Raises Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels. Am J Mens Health. 2017;11(6):1752-1757. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28830317/
[22] Steiger A, Guldner J, Hemmeter U, et al. Sleep-promoting effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone in normal men. Am J Physiol. 1993;264(4 Pt 1):E594-E598. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8476038/
[23] Friedman SD, Baker LD, Borson S, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone effects on brain gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in mild cognitive impairment and healthy aging. JAMA Neurol. 2013;70(7):883-890. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23689947/
[24] Vitiello MV, Moe KE, Merriam GR, et al. Growth hormone releasing hormone improves the cognition of healthy older adults. Neurobiol Aging. 2006;27(2):318-323. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16399214/
[25] Khorram O, Laughlin GA, Yen SS. Endocrine and metabolic effects of long-term administration of [Nle27]growth hormone-releasing hormone-(1-29)-NH2 in age-advanced men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:1472-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9141536/
[26] Lanes R, Carrillo E. Long-term therapy with a single daily subcutaneous dose of growth hormone releasing hormone (1-29) in prepubertal growth hormone deficient children. Venezuelan Collaborative Study Group. J Pediatr Endocrinol. 1994;7:303-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7735367/

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A soft control board of the sermorelin literature — every GHRH(1-29) finding pressed into its own lit module and wired back to its study, the confirmed pediatric result and the unsettled adult anti-aging gap kept on separate panels; no clinic behind the console and nothing here compounded, prescribed, or sold.